Buyer's Guide

5

In My Garden Blog

May 22, 2008
Southwestern Deserts
By Cathy Cromell,
Phoenix, AZ

2801
Artichokes make an intriguing landscape plant.

Artichokes

Catherine de Medici, it is said, saw globe artichokes growing in Florentine gardens and introduced them to French cuisine. Native to Mediterranean areas, these delicacies that we slurp with butter are actually immature flower buds. The center of the flower is the prized artichoke "heart." Some folks love to eat globe artichokes, but the plant is well worth growing for its varied and intriguing characteristics.

Decorative As Well As Delectable
While globe artichokes can be grown in the vegetable garden, they also lend a dramatic sculptural presence to perennial gardens and other areas of the landscape. The sharply divided leaves remind me of prehistoric fern fronds. (Not that I'm old enough to have seen a prehistoric fern.) The silvery green foliage is a soothing color and provides a nice backdrop for bright, flowering plants.

If you can resist harvesting, allow some of the globes to mature on the plant. They turn into fabulous, lavender flowers that resemble giant thistles about 6 inches in diameter. In fact, artichokes are related to thistles, and it's easy to see the connection. The fragrant flowers attract beneficial insects, such as pollinators. The blooms also dry beautifully and retain their color. The flower stays purple and the outer leaves are a pleasing, soft tan color. I've had some dried artichoke flowers for years, and they still look good.

Growing Artichokes
Artichokes do not always produce consistently from seed, so it is easier to buy transplants or propagate from root divisions. Plants grow about 4 feet tall and wide, although they will become larger if conditions are optimum. In the low desert, transplant in fall or late winter for late-spring harvest. They like a rich soil with lots of organic matter.

Artichokes take full sun yet benefit from a bit of protection from afternoon sun as temperatures rise in hot climates. They need consistent soil moisture, so layer several inches of compost or organic mulch around the base of the plants. Artichokes are perennial but are often treated as annuals to avoid nursing them through the heat of summer.

Cut the main flower stalk close to the ground after harvesting. The plant will produce another generation of flower stalks.

add a comment Comments on Artichokes

We welcome your questions and comments about this column. If you have gardening questions unrelated to the column, please ask them on our message boards.

add a comment
Janice Montgomery
I grew artichokes at the Scottsdale Community Garden several years
ago with great luck so when I moved to Cottonwood, I decided to try
again. I planted them in 4 very large containers (because I don't
bend very well anymore) & they are producing extremely well. One
plant has 19 chokes on it! I just keep cutting & the side flowers
just keep getting bigger! Has anyone frozen them? I can't eat fast
enough.
add a comment
Cathy Cromell
You are having great success with your artichokes in containers! I
have never frozen them, but according to the California Artichoke
Advisory Board, it is possible. They provide two methods on their
website, http://artichokes.org. However, they still need to be
blanched before freezing. Click on Recipes & Such, then click on
Freezing Artichokes.
add a comment
Carol Sonntag
Are you crazy! just look at what the artichoke (which I LOVE to eat)
has done to the hilsides of Orange County.  These are invasive and
nearly impossible to eradicate.  Deep root systems spread without
any warning and Boom.. another hillside is invaded.... Watch out
what you recommend.. you may get more than you aimed for.
add a comment
Cathy Cromell
I appreciate your input because invasive plants are indeed a huge
problem. In the region I write for, the Southwestern Deserts,
invasives are changing the ecosystem, making it vulnerable to
wildfire that natives such as saguaro cacti have not adapted to. I
checked with the University of Arizona's invasive weeds expert and
Cynara scolymus, the edible globe artichoke, is not escaping into
the wild or considered a problem plant for watch lists in Arizona at
this time. Invasive Non-Native Plants That Threaten Wildlands in
Arizona is a comprehensive list that can be downloaded from
http://sbsc.wr.usgs.gov/research/projects/swepic/SWVMA/2B_AboutList.
asp.

Orange County, which you mention is in Southern California's Coastal
& Inland Valley's gardening region, which does list a related plant,
Cynara cardunculus, artichoke thistle, on its noxious weed list
(http://www.cal-ipc.org/). Many plants with thistle-type flowers,
such as the Cynara, are noxious invaders around the country,
including the Southwest. In addition, the edible globe artichoke is
considered a weed threat is some California areas, especially
disturbed coastal range land. (It doesn't seem to be a true hot
and/or arid desert survivor). Santa Barbara County has a weed alert
at http://www.countyofsb.org/agcomm/wma/AT.htm that says: "Artichoke
thistle is the wild form of the cultivated globe artichoke, Cynara
scolymus . When grown from divisions of the perennial crown, globe
artichoke will reliably produce the spineless, edible flowerhead and
plant known to agriculture, but grown from seed it often reverts to
a wild form, producing the inch-long spines on the phyllaries
normally found on C.cardunculus. Gardeners are strongly encouraged
to not allow globe artichokes in their garden to flower and set seed
or to abandon their artichoke gardens." 

A gardener can check with their County Cooperative Extension, native
plant societies or state agriculture offices for the latest
information on invasive plants in their locale. They often have info
on plants that have not yet been listed on regulated noxious weed
lists.
add a comment
Nancy Robichaud
What meathod do you use to dry the artichoke flowers?
add a comment
Cathy Cromell
I let them dry naturally on the plant, but not too long, as they
lose some of their color. You can also let them start to dry, then
cut them and finish drying in a cool, shady place.
add a comment
Jan
Do you hang the artichokes upside down to dry?
add a comment
Cathy Cromell
I just put them upright in a vase that allowed plenty of room. If
you already have a drying area set-up for hanging upside down, no
reason that wouldn't work!
Search Regional Reports: